Ikke at forveksle med Kortbølge For alternative betydninger se Kortbølgeradio Se også artikler som begynder med Kortbølg

Ikke at forveksle med Kortbølge.

For alternative betydninger, se Kortbølgeradio. (Se også artikler, som begynder med Kortbølgeradio)

Kortbølgeradiokommunikation, kortbølgeradiofoni eller kortbølgeradio benytter kortbølgefrekvenser. Det bredeste interval af kortbølgebåndet er i ITU region 1 (EU(inkl. Danmark)+Afrika+Rusland...) og udgøres af frekvensintervallet fra 1605 kHz til 30 MHz.

ITU-R-regioner. ITU-R Region 1 ITU-R Region 2 ITU-R Region 3

En ATS-909 verdensmodtager som bl.a. kan modtage fra 153 kHz-29995 kHz - og FM-båndet (inkl. RDS) i mono via den indbyggede højttaler. Via hovedtelefoner kan der lyttes til FM-stereo. ATS-909 fås i en udgave (ATS909X) med SSB-dekoder mulighed og 406 stationshukommelser. Modtageren ATS-909 sælges også under produktnavnene Roberts R861, RadioShack DX-398, TechniSat ATS 909 og Siemens RK 777 - og i nogle tilfælde med færre funktioner.

Kortbølgebåndet kan modtages af visse radiomodtagere – og kortbølge-transceivere anvendt af radioamatører, kommercielle brugere og offentlige myndigheder (i DK fx kystradiostationer).

Der er også andre definitioner af kortbølgebåndets frekvensinterval:

1710 kHz til 30 MHz, i ITU region 2 (nord- og syd-amerika...)
1800 kHz (160 meter radioamatørbånd start) til 30 MHz
2300 kHz (120 meter bånd start) til 30 MHz
2300 kHz (120 meter bånd start) til 26,1 MHz (11 meter bånd slut)
I Tyskland og måske Østrig kan ITU region 1 kortbølgebåndet være underinddelt i:
- de:Grenzwelle ("grænsebølger"): 1,605-3,8 MHz
I Tyskland er der også set:
- de andre ovenstående definitioner

En stor del af kortbølgebåndet bliver også benævnt HF for højfrekvens (en. High Frequency). HF dækker eksakt 3 MHz til 30 MHz.

Svaret på hvorfor de efterfølgende bånd både kaldes ved deres bølgelængde i meter og frekvens i Hertz skyldes, at radiobølger i radiofoniens barndom, kun kaldte radiobølger ved deres bølgelængde i meter. Mellem ca. 1923 til 1960 anbefales det at angive radiobølgers frekvens i cycles-per-second (cps). Fra 1960 angives frekvens i Hertz. Som det ses angives båndene i meter og det er fra omkring år 2000 den mest udbredte benævnelse. Selvom et frekvensbånd benævnes et antal meter, behøver den givne bølgelængde, ikke at være indeholdt i frekvensbåndet (regn fx på 11, 15, 120 meter båndene). Skal man stille ind på en radiostation, angives den ved sin bærebølges frekvens.

Radiofoni via kortbølge har fået tildelt følgende frekvensbånd – som dog varierer noget afhængig af ITU-regionen. Fra starten af ITU's båndregulering og til nu, er der mange kortbølgestationer, som sender på frekvenser udenfor de listede bånd. Se i kilderne:

Radiolytterbånd	Frekvensinterval (kHz) ITU region 1 Omfatter Europa
120 meter	2300 - 2495
90 meter	3200 - 3400
75 meter	3900 - 4000
60 meter	4750 - 5060
49 meter	5900 - 6200
41 meter	7200 - 7450
31 meter	9400 - 9900
25 meter	11600 - 12100
22 meter	13570 - 13870
19 meter	15100 - 15800
16 meter	17480 - 17900
15 meter	18900 - 19020
13 meter	21450 - 21850
11 meter	25670 - 26100

Radioamatører har fået tildelt følgende frekvensbånd i kortbølgebåndet – som dog varierer med ITU-regionen - og især land:

Radioamatørbånd	Frekvensinterval (kHz)
160 meter	1810 - 2000
80 meter	3500 - 3800
60 meter	5250 - 5450
40 meter	7000 - 7200
30 meter	10100 - 10150
20 meter	14000 - 14350
17 meter	18068 - 18168
15 meter	21000 - 21450
12 meter	24890 - 24990
10 meter	28000 - 29700

Historisk

I 1912 pålagde U.S. Congress på radioamatører, hvilket begrænsede deres virke til frekvenser over 1,5 MHz (bølgelængde 200 meter eller mindre). Myndighederne troede at disse frekvenser var ubrugelige. Radioamatørenes brug af kortbølge ledte til opdagelsen af kortbølgeudbredelse via ionosfæren i 1923. 1930'erne blev kortbølgeradioens guldalder.

Kortbølge i Danmark

DRs kortbølgetjeneste Radio Danmark (kaldet "Kortbølgeradioen") blev nedlagt den 1. januar 2004, efter at have eksisteret siden 1948. De sidste år blev Radio Danmark sendt via NRKs kortbølgesendere. Danmark har nu tre privatejede radiostationer, der sender på kortbølge: I 2004 begyndte World Music Radio (WMR) at sende på kortbølge fra Danmark - i 2021 sender stationen på kortbølge fra Bramming (5930 kHz), Randers (15790 kHz) og Mårslet (25800 kHz), i 2018 begyndte Radio OZ-Viola fra Hillerød at sende på kortbølge - frekvensen er 5980 kHz, og i 2020 gik københavnske Radio208 i luften på kortbølge 5970 kHz.

Kilder/referencer

"dr-boesch.ch: Sangean Testbericht ATS 909". Arkiveret fra originalen 7. juli 2012. Hentet 7. juli 2012.
Inkonsistent artikel: itwissen.info: KW (Kurzwelle) SW (short wave) Arkiveret 17. februar 2017 hos Wayback Machine Citat: "...Der KW-Frequenzbereich (SW) liegt zwischen 3 MHz und 30 MHz[←1. definition]...Kurzwelle ist auch eine sendetechnische Bezeichnung für Rundfunk im Frequenzbereich zwischen 2,3 MHz und 26,1 MHz[←2. definition]..."
oldtimeradio.de: Kleines Radio-Lexikon Arkiveret 22. februar 2014 hos Wayback Machine Citat: "...Kurzwellen, Kurzwellenbereich...Wellenbereich, der von den Rundfunksendern (je nach geographischer Lage) von 11 bis 120 m = 26.100 bis 2.300 kHz..."
darc.de: Amateurfunk Frequenzen Citat: "...Grenzwelle (Kurzwelle)...", de:Grenzwelle Citat: "...Als Grenzwelle wird der Frequenzbereich zwischen 1605 kHz und 3800 kHz bezeichnet, weil er auf der „Grenze“ zwischen Mittelwelle und Kurzwelle liegt..."
Grundig Satellit 1000 TR6002, diagram Se forneden på diagrammet, lige nedenfor transformatoren. I diagrammet skrives det at det første kortbølgebånd starter ved 1,6MHz (lige efter slutningen af MW/AM): "KW1-SW1-OC1 1,6 .... 5,0 MHz"
earlyradiohistory.us: Kilohertz to Meters Conversion Charts Citat: "...The general public, used to wavelengths, had to be coaxed into making the transition to frequencies, and it was a good fifteen years before you stopped seeing references to wavelengths in the U.S. (In Europe, where mediumwave stations are assigned in 9 khz steps, they still are commonly reported by wavelength). In 1923 many publications started to print conversion charts like the two listed above, with explanations about this newfangled frequency concept. However, there was one area of inconsistency, which explains why I've included two slightly different charts...", backup
November 18, 2016, edn.com: Cycles per second: A historical perspective Citat: "...In honor of Hertz's many contributions to the field of electrodynamics the (CGPM) in 1960 replaced the designation of cycles-per-second with hertz..."
worldradiohistory.com: Broadcast listening in the pioneer days of radio on the short waves, 1923 1945 Jerome S. Berg Citat: "...In addition to having to obtain licenses - a constraint to which they adapted only slowly - the amateurs were, with some exceptions, restricted to the range below 200 meters (that is, above 1500 kc.), bands that were largely unexplored and thought to be of little value. The navy attributed most interference to the amateurs, and was happy to see them on the road to a hoped - for extinction. From the amateurs' point of view, their development of the shortwave spectrum began less as a love affair than a shotgun marriage. However, all that would change...It took several years before experimenters ventured above 2-3 mc. and started to understand such things as shortwave propagation and directionality. The short waves, as they were called, were surrounded with mystery...Also in 1928 Radio News publisher Hugo Gernsback began shortwave broadcasting on 9700 kc. from his station, WRNY, New York, using the call W2XAL. "A reader in New South Wales, Aus- tralia," reported Gernsback, "writes us that while he was writing his letter he was listening to WRNY's short-wave transmitter, 2XAL, on a three-tube set; and had to turn down the volume, otherwise he would wake up his family. All this at a distance of some 10,000 miles! Yet 2XAL ...uses less than 500 watts; a quite negligible amount of power. "6...The 1930s were the golden age of shortwave broadcasting...Shortwave also facilitated communication with people in remote areas. Amateur radio became a basic ingredient of all expeditions...The term shortwave was generally taken to refer to anything above 1.5 mc., without upper limit...Frequency allocations for international shortwave broadcasting were first established at the Washington International Radio Conference of 1927, and expanded at the International Radio Conference in Madrid in 1932 and the International Telecommunications Conference held in Cairo in 1938. After the latter, the bands were defined as 6 -6.2 mc. (49 m.), 7.2 -7.3 mc. (41 m.), 9.5 -9.7 mc. (31 m.), 11.7-11.9 mc. (25 m.), 15.1 -15.35 mc. (19 m.), 17.75 -17.85 mc. (16 m.), 21.45 -21.75 mc. (13 m.), and 25.6 -26.6 mc. (11 m.). The 60 and 90 meter bands came into use (especially by stations in Venezuela and Colombia) soon after, and there was much out-of-band broadcasting...", backup
ITU-R: Frequency Bands allocated to Terrestrial Broadcasting Services, backup
ITU-R: High Frequency Broadcasting (HFBC), backup
Nye radiotilbud til danskere i udlandet – kortbølgen lukkes Arkiveret 15. december 2012 hos Wayback Machine. Pressemeddelelse offentliggjort 14.11.2003

Se også

Digital Radio Mondiale, radiofaksimile, telex.
Internet-fjernstyret radiomodtager

Eksterne henvisninger

AMSCAN: receiver location: Copenhagen (kan ændres)
Search for SWL Broadcasters by Frequency at HFRadio.org
MWLIST - longwave, mediumwave, tropical bands and shortwave radio database
hfcc.org: Worldwide shortwave broadcast schedule
globaltuners.com: Global Frequency Database - Radio Scanner Frequencies Arkiveret 30. marts 2013 hos Wayback Machine
https://danskradio.dk/herstedvesterradiofonistation.html

[1] "dr-boesch.ch: Sangean Testbericht ATS 909". Arkiveret fra originalen 7. juli 2012. Hentet 7. juli 2012.

[2] Inkonsistent artikel: itwissen.info: KW (Kurzwelle) SW (short wave) Arkiveret 17. februar 2017 hos Wayback Machine Citat: "...Der KW-Frequenzbereich (SW) liegt zwischen 3 MHz und 30 MHz[←1. definition]...Kurzwelle ist auch eine sendetechnische Bezeichnung für Rundfunk im Frequenzbereich zwischen 2,3 MHz und 26,1 MHz[←2. definition]..."

[3] timeradio.de: Kleines Radio-Lexikon Arkiveret 22. februar 2014 hos Wayback Machine Citat: "...Kurzwellen, Kurzwellenbereich...Wellenbereich, der von den Rundfunksendern (je nach geographischer Lage) von 11 bis 120 m = 26.100 bis 2.300 kHz..."

[4] rc.de: Amateurfunk Frequenzen Citat: "...Grenzwelle (Kurzwelle)...", de:Grenzwelle Citat: "...Als Grenzwelle wird der Frequenzbereich zwischen 1605 kHz und 3800 kHz bezeichnet, weil er auf der „Grenze“ zwischen Mittelwelle und Kurzwelle liegt..."

[5] Grundig Satellit 1000 TR6002, diagram Se forneden på diagrammet, lige nedenfor transformatoren. I diagrammet skrives det at det første kortbølgebånd starter ved 1,6MHz (lige efter slutningen af MW/AM): "KW1-SW1-OC1 1,6 .... 5,0 MHz"

[6] rlyradiohistory.us: Kilohertz to Meters Conversion Charts Citat: "...The general public, used to wavelengths, had to be coaxed into making the transition to frequencies, and it was a good fifteen years before you stopped seeing references to wavelengths in the U.S. (In Europe, where mediumwave stations are assigned in 9 khz steps, they still are commonly reported by wavelength). In 1923 many publications started to print conversion charts like the two listed above, with explanations about this newfangled frequency concept. However, there was one area of inconsistency, which explains why I've included two slightly different charts...", backup

[7] November 18, 2016, edn.com: Cycles per second: A historical perspective Citat: "...In honor of Hertz's many contributions to the field of electrodynamics the (CGPM) in 1960 replaced the designation of cycles-per-second with hertz..."

[wrh-8] worldradiohistory.com: Broadcast listening in the pioneer days of radio on the short waves, 1923 1945 Jerome S. Berg Citat: "...In addition to having to obtain licenses - a constraint to which they adapted only slowly - the amateurs were, with some exceptions, restricted to the range below 200 meters (that is, above 1500 kc.), bands that were largely unexplored and thought to be of little value. The navy attributed most interference to the amateurs, and was happy to see them on the road to a hoped - for extinction. From the amateurs' point of view, their development of the shortwave spectrum began less as a love affair than a shotgun marriage. However, all that would change...It took several years before experimenters ventured above 2-3 mc. and started to understand such things as shortwave propagation and directionality. The short waves, as they were called, were surrounded with mystery...Also in 1928 Radio News publisher Hugo Gernsback began shortwave broadcasting on 9700 kc. from his station, WRNY, New York, using the call W2XAL. "A reader in New South Wales, Aus- tralia," reported Gernsback, "writes us that while he was writing his letter he was listening to WRNY's short-wave transmitter, 2XAL, on a three-tube set; and had to turn down the volume, otherwise he would wake up his family. All this at a distance of some 10,000 miles! Yet 2XAL ...uses less than 500 watts; a quite negligible amount of power. "6...The 1930s were the golden age of shortwave broadcasting...Shortwave also facilitated communication with people in remote areas. Amateur radio became a basic ingredient of all expeditions...The term shortwave was generally taken to refer to anything above 1.5 mc., without upper limit...Frequency allocations for international shortwave broadcasting were first established at the Washington International Radio Conference of 1927, and expanded at the International Radio Conference in Madrid in 1932 and the International Telecommunications Conference held in Cairo in 1938. After the latter, the bands were defined as 6 -6.2 mc. (49 m.), 7.2 -7.3 mc. (41 m.), 9.5 -9.7 mc. (31 m.), 11.7-11.9 mc. (25 m.), 15.1 -15.35 mc. (19 m.), 17.75 -17.85 mc. (16 m.), 21.45 -21.75 mc. (13 m.), and 25.6 -26.6 mc. (11 m.). The 60 and 90 meter bands came into use (especially by stations in Venezuela and Colombia) soon after, and there was much out-of-band broadcasting...", backup

[ITU-R_BC_20110710-9] ITU-R: Frequency Bands allocated to Terrestrial Broadcasting Services, backup

[ITU-R_HFBC-10] ITU-R: High Frequency Broadcasting (HFBC), backup

[11] Nye radiotilbud til danskere i udlandet – kortbølgen lukkes Arkiveret 15. december 2012 hos Wayback Machine. Pressemeddelelse offentliggjort 14.11.2003