Maltesisk er nationalsproget for republikken Malta Maltesisk nedstammer fra den arabiske dialekt der blev talt i som i p

Maltesisk er nationalsproget for republikken Malta. Maltesisk nedstammer fra den arabiske dialekt, der blev talt i , som i perioden fra det 9. til det 13. århundrede omfattede Malta.

Maltesisk (Malti)
Talt i:	Malta, Canada, Australien

Talere i alt:	—
Rang:	Ikke i top-100

Sprogstamme:	Afroasiatisk; semitisk;
Officiel status
Officielt sprog i:	Malta
Reguleret af:	-
Sprogkoder
ISO 639-1:	`mt`
ISO 639-2:	`mlt`
ISO 639-3 :	MLT
ISO 639-3:	–

af Pietru Caxaro, den ældste tekst på maltesisk, fra det 1400-tallet

Maltese har udviklet sig uafhængigt af og dets varianter over de seneste 800 år i en gradvist latinisering. Maltesisk anses derfor som en specielt sprog, der nedstammer fra arabisk, men uden nogen sammenhæng med klassisk eller , og er separat fra arabisk . Maltesisk er også unikt blandt de semitiske sprog, da dets morfologi er kraftigt påvirket af de romanske sprog italiensk og siciliansk.

Den oprindelige semitiske grundlag, siciliansk arabisk (siculo arabisk) udgør ca. en tredjedel af ordforrådet i maltesisk, og omfatter særlig ord, der udtrykker grundlæggende værdier eller funktioner, men omkring halvdelen er hentet fra italiensk eller siciliansk; og engelske ord udgør godt 6% af ordene. En undersøgelse fra 2016 viser at maltesisktalende personer er i stand til at forstå under en tredjedel af, hvad der bliver sagt på tunesisk arabisk, der er forbundet med siciliansk arabisk, hvorimod talende af tunesisk arabisk kan forstå omkring 40% af hvad de hører på maltesisk.

Maltesisk er altid blevet skrevet med latinske bogstaver, det tidligste eksempel på maltesiske tekster er fra middelalderen. Maltesisk er det eneste semitiske sprog, der skrives med latinske bogstaver.

Alfabet

A,a; B,b; ,ċ; D,d; E,e; F,f; ,ġ; G,g; ,għ; H,h; ,ħ; I,i; ,ie; J,j; K,k; L,l; M,m; N,n; O,o; P,p; Q,q; R,r; S,s; T,t; U,u; V,v; W,w; X,x; ,ż; Z,z.

Referencer

Borg and Azzopardi-Alexander, 1997 (1997). Maltese. Routledge. s. xiii. ISBN 978-0-415-02243-9. In fact, Maltese displays some areal traits typical of Maghrebine Arabic, although over the past 800 years of independent evolution it has drifted apart from Tunisian Arabic
Brincat, 2005. Maltese - an unusual formula. Arkiveret fra originalen 2015-12-08. Originally Maltese was an Arabic dialect but it was immediately exposed to Latinisation because the Normans conquered the islands in 1090, while Christianisation, which was complete by 1250, cut off the dialect from contact with Classical Arabic. Consequently Maltese developed on its own, slowly but steadily absorbing new words from Sicilian and Italian according to the needs of the developing community.
Robert D Hoberman (2007). Morphologies of Asia and Africa , Alan S. Kaye (Ed.), Chapter 13: Maltese Morphology. Eisenbrown. ISBN 9781575061092. Arkiveret fra originalen 2017-09-30. Maltese is the chief exception: Classical or Standard Arabic is irrelevant in the Maltese linguistic community and there is no diglossia.
"ISO 639 Code Tables". Arkiveret fra originalen 2017-12-16.
Robert D Hoberman (2007). Morphologies of Asia and Africa , Alan S. Kaye (Ed.), Chapter 13: Maltese Morphology. Eisenbrown. ISBN 9781575061092. Arkiveret fra originalen 2017-09-30. yet it is in its morphology that Maltese also shows the most elaborate and deeply embedded influence from the Romance languages, Sicilian and Italian, with which it has long been in intimate contact….As a result Maltese is unique and different from Arabic and other Semitic languages.
Brincat, 2005. Maltese - an unusual formula. Arkiveret fra originalen 2015-12-08. En analyse af de 41.000 ord i Aquilinas Maltesisk-Engelsk ordbog viser, at 32,41% er af arabisk afstamning, 52,46% er fra siciliansk eller italiensk og 6,12% fra engelsk. Selvom vi i dag ved, at alle sprog er en blanding i et eller andet omfang, så er denne kombination usædvanlig. Ordene fra arabisk er oftere forekommende, da de viser de grundlæggende begreber og funktionsord.
Brincat (2005).
"Mutual Intelligibility of Spoken Maltese, Libyan Arabic and Tunisian Arabic Functionally Tested: A Pilot Study". s. 1. Hentet 23. september 2017. To summarise our findings, we might observe that when it comes to the most basic everyday language, as reflected in our data sets, speakers of Maltese are able to understand less than a third of what is being said to them in either Tunisian or Benghazi Libyan Arabic.
Borg, Albert J.; Azzopardi-Alexander, Marie (1997). Maltese. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-02243-6.
"Mutual Intelligibility of Spoken Maltese, Libyan Arabic and Tunisian Arabic Functionally Tested: A Pilot Study". s. 1. Hentet 23. september 2017. Speakers of Tunisian and Libyan Arabic are able to understand about 40% of what is said to them in Maltese.
The Cantilena. Arkiveret fra originalen 2015-12-08.
Il-Kunsill Nazzjonali tal-Ilsien Malti. Arkiveret fra originalen 2014-01-06. Fundamentally, Maltese is a Semitic tongue, the same as Arabic, Aramaic, Hebrew, Phoenician, Carthaginian and Ethiopian. However, unlike other Semitic languages, Maltese is written in the Latin alphabet, but with the addition of special characters to accommodate certain Semitic sounds. Nowadays, however, there is much in the Maltese language today that is not Semitic, due to the immeasurable Romantic influence from our succession of (Southern) European rulers through the ages.

Se også

Wikipedia på maltesisk

Der findes også en Wikipedia på maltesisk.

Spire

Denne artikel om sprog er en spire som bør udbygges. Du er velkommen til at hjælpe Wikipedia ved at udvide den.

[1] Borg and Azzopardi-Alexander, 1997 (1997). Maltese. Routledge. s. xiii. ISBN 978-0-415-02243-9. In fact, Maltese displays some areal traits typical of Maghrebine Arabic, although over the past 800 years of independent evolution it has drifted apart from Tunisian Arabic

[2] Brincat, 2005. Maltese - an unusual formula. Arkiveret fra originalen 2015-12-08. Originally Maltese was an Arabic dialect but it was immediately exposed to Latinisation because the Normans conquered the islands in 1090, while Christianisation, which was complete by 1250, cut off the dialect from contact with Classical Arabic. Consequently Maltese developed on its own, slowly but steadily absorbing new words from Sicilian and Italian according to the needs of the developing community.

[3] Robert D Hoberman (2007). Morphologies of Asia and Africa , Alan S. Kaye (Ed.), Chapter 13: Maltese Morphology. Eisenbrown. ISBN 9781575061092. Arkiveret fra originalen 2017-09-30. Maltese is the chief exception: Classical or Standard Arabic is irrelevant in the Maltese linguistic community and there is no diglossia.

[4] "ISO 639 Code Tables". Arkiveret fra originalen 2017-12-16.

[5] Robert D Hoberman (2007). Morphologies of Asia and Africa , Alan S. Kaye (Ed.), Chapter 13: Maltese Morphology. Eisenbrown. ISBN 9781575061092. Arkiveret fra originalen 2017-09-30. yet it is in its morphology that Maltese also shows the most elaborate and deeply embedded influence from the Romance languages, Sicilian and Italian, with which it has long been in intimate contact….As a result Maltese is unique and different from Arabic and other Semitic languages.

[6] Brincat, 2005. Maltese - an unusual formula. Arkiveret fra originalen 2015-12-08. En analyse af de 41.000 ord i Aquilinas Maltesisk-Engelsk ordbog viser, at 32,41% er af arabisk afstamning, 52,46% er fra siciliansk eller italiensk og 6,12% fra engelsk. Selvom vi i dag ved, at alle sprog er en blanding i et eller andet omfang, så er denne kombination usædvanlig. Ordene fra arabisk er oftere forekommende, da de viser de grundlæggende begreber og funktionsord.

[FOOTNOTEBrincat2005-7] Brincat (2005).

[8] "Mutual Intelligibility of Spoken Maltese, Libyan Arabic and Tunisian Arabic Functionally Tested: A Pilot Study". s. 1. Hentet 23. september 2017. To summarise our findings, we might observe that when it comes to the most basic everyday language, as reflected in our data sets, speakers of Maltese are able to understand less than a third of what is being said to them in either Tunisian or Benghazi Libyan Arabic.

[9] Borg, Albert J.; Azzopardi-Alexander, Marie (1997). Maltese. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-02243-6.

[10] "Mutual Intelligibility of Spoken Maltese, Libyan Arabic and Tunisian Arabic Functionally Tested: A Pilot Study". s. 1. Hentet 23. september 2017. Speakers of Tunisian and Libyan Arabic are able to understand about 40% of what is said to them in Maltese.

[11] The Cantilena. Arkiveret fra originalen 2015-12-08.

[12] Il-Kunsill Nazzjonali tal-Ilsien Malti. Arkiveret fra originalen 2014-01-06. Fundamentally, Maltese is a Semitic tongue, the same as Arabic, Aramaic, Hebrew, Phoenician, Carthaginian and Ethiopian. However, unlike other Semitic languages, Maltese is written in the Latin alphabet, but with the addition of special characters to accommodate certain Semitic sounds. Nowadays, however, there is much in the Maltese language today that is not Semitic, due to the immeasurable Romantic influence from our succession of (Southern) European rulers through the ages.